Research Article Open access Peer reviewed

The Effect of Heinsia crinita Aqueous Leaf extract on Codeine-induced Changes of Brain Antioxidant Parameters, TNF-α and Interleukin-6 in Male Wistar rats

Authors

Oguche EE1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3741-5547, Musa SA2, Agbon AN2, Magaji MG3, Danborno AM4
  1. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Allied-health Sciences, Bingham University, Karu, Nasarawa State; Neuroanatomy and Neurosciences Research Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Zaria. Kaduna State, Nigeria
  2. Neuroanatomy and Neurosciences Research Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Zaria. Kaduna State, Nigeria
  3. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahmadu Bello University, ABU, Zaria
  4. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Allied-health Sciences, Bingham University, Karu, Nasarawa State
Received
Published
DOI https://doi.org/10.55006/biolsciences.2024.4302 Citation Biological Sciences, Vol. 4 No. 3 (2024), 746-753

Abstract

Codeine is short-time acting narcotic opiate with widespread clinical use for over a century; as an analgesic for mild-to-moderate pain and in low doses, as an anti-tussive for suppression of nonproductive cough and diarrhoea. Although having diverse applications, codeine use requires caution due to its potential adverse effects and risk of dependence, associated to oxidative stress through various mechanisms and inflammatory responses. Heinsia crinita leaves are consumed either as vegetable in preparation of local cuisine or as component of alcoholic concoction for the treatment of diverse ailments including bacterial infections, diabetes, hypertension, and pharmacologically having neuroprotective benefits. This study assessed the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of aqueous leaf extract of H. crinita (ALHC) on codeine-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in rats. Twenty-five (25) adult male Wistar rats were obtained and divided into five groups (groups 1 – 5; n= 5). Group 1 (control) received distilled water (1 ml/ kg), group 2 received only codeine (10 mg/kg), groups 3, 4 and 5 received codeine (10 mg/kg) and afterwards ALHC (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg, respectively). The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of ALHC were determined by biochemically assessing for oxidative stress bio-markers (MDA, SOD and CAT) and inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-6) in brain homogenates of the rats. Results revealed increased (p<0.05) MDA and inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-6) levels and reduced SOD and CAT activities in codeine-treated group. However, ALHC-treatment restored the system by decreased levels of MDA and IL-6, especially (p<0.05) in ALHC (300 mg/kg)-treated group; TNF-α decreased (p<0.05) in groups ALHC (200 and 300 mg/kg)-treated groups; SOD and CAT increased (p<0.05) in groups ALHC (200 and 300 mg/kg)-treated groups. In conclusion, findings are suggestive of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of ALHC following oxidative stress and inflammation induced by exposure to codeine in rats.

Downloads

License
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2024 Oguche EE, Musa SA, Agbon AN, Magaji MG, Danborno AM

License terms
  • No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.