Conversion of Injectable Semaglutide into Oral Formulations: Comparative Evaluation of Tablet and Liquid Preparations for Pharmaceutical Feasibility and Biological Potential

Rehan Haider; Zameer Ahmed; Sambreen Zameer

doi:10.55006/biolsciences.2025.5405

Authors

Rehan Haider Riggs Pharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8752-2503
Zameer Ahmed Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
Sambreen Zameer Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55006/biolsciences.2025.5405

Keywords:

Semaglutide, Oral peptide transmittal, SNAC, Pharmacokinetics, Bioavailability, Diabetes tablet expression, Liquid expression

Abstract

The change of injectable semaglutide into verbally administered portion of drug or other consumable forms shows a significant progress in peptide-located diabetes medicines. This study evaluates the feasibility, pharmacokinetics, and temporary balance of oral semaglutide brought through capsule and liquid formulations in Sprague–Dawley rats. Injectable semaglutide (1 mg/mL) was reformulated using SNAC-located next-release sciences. Both oral formulations illustrated agreeable bioavailability (0.8–0.9%) relative to the injectable form. Pharmacokinetic reasoning told deferred T_max for the tablet distinguished to the liquid, unpaid to formulation excipients. Stability experiment over 30 days designated maintained potency (95–97%) accompanying gentle opalescence in the liquid expression, inciting plans for enhanced expression plannings. These judgments provide basic evidence advocating future long-term ICH-obedient support studies and expression refinement for numbering spoken GLP-1 agonist development.

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Author Biography

Rehan Haider, Riggs Pharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Pakistan

I did my Phd working as Head of Marketing and sales in Riggs pharmaceuticals I have more than 30 years experience in the field of sales and marketing I have sold many products like Antibiotics Analgesic antifungal antimycotic anti allergy antidiabetic anti malarial vitamins calcium iron etc

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