Review on phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of plant Calendula officinalis Linn.
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
-
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Abstract
Calendula officinalis, a member of the Asteraceae family and also called Pot Marigold, is a fragrant herb used in Traditional Chinese Medicine to cure injuries, sores, herpes, scar tissues, skin problems, frost-bite, and blood purifying. It is primarily used for the treatment due to its numerous pharmacological properties such as analgesic, antihyperglycaemic, anti-ulcer, and anti-inflammatory. It is also used to cure gastrointestinal issues, obstetric issues, eye problems, skin wounds, and some instances of burns. Calendula oil is still being used therapeutically as an anti-cancer agent and a tissue repair cure. Calendula extracts have antiviral and anti-mutagenic activities in-vitro, according to plant pharmacological studies. Calendula in suspension or liquid form is being used topically in herbal remedies to treat skin conditions like acne, reduce swelling, regulate bleeding, and soothe irritated tissue. Internal use of an admixture or tincture of the flower petals is effective for the treatment of yeast infections and indigestion. Calendula officinalis infusion can also be used to cure insect bites, eye inflammatory disorders, boils and carbuncles, varicosities, dermatitis, and as a rinse for oral sores or tooth pain. Phytochemical screening has revealed the existence of several groups of compounds, the most important of which are triterpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, quinones, volatile oil, carotenoids, and amino acids. This review investigated the sensory attributes, in-vitro, and in-vivo pharmacological properties, as well as the explanation, agricultural production, and active compounds of Calendula officinalis, in terms of enhancing the current knowledge on this plant and illustrate its multiactivity characteristics as a therapeutic plant.
References
Muley BP, Khadabadi SS, Banarase NB. Phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Calendula officinalis Linn (Asteraceae): a review. Tropical journal of pharmaceutical research. 2009;8(5).
Jan N, Andrabi KI, John R. Calendula officinalis-an important medicinal plant with potential biological properties. InProc Indian Natn Sci Acad 2017 Dec 1 (Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 769-787).
AshwlayanVD KA, Verma M. Therapeutic potential of Calendula officinalis. Pharmacy and Pharmacology International Journal. 2018;6(2):149-55.
Khalid KA, Da Silva JT. Biology of Calendula officinalis Linn.: focus on pharmacology, biological activities and agronomic practices. Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology. 2012;6(1):12-27.
Leach MJ. Calendula officinalis and Wound Healing: A Systematic Review. Wounds: a compendium of clinical research and practice. 2008 Aug 1;20(8):236-43.
Tiwari S. Plants: A rich source of herbal medicine. Journal of natural products. 2008;1(0):27-35.
Jomphe M. Description, Taxonomy, and History: Calendula officinalis is. Culinary Herbs. 2006:238.
Lim TK. Calendula officinalis. Inedible Medicinal And Non-Medicinal Plants 2014 (pp. 213-244). Springer, Dordrecht.
Verma PK, Raina R, Agarwal S, Kaur H. Phytochemical ingredients and Pharmacological potential of Calendula officinalis Linn. Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research. 2018 Nov 10;4(2):1-7.
PATIL K, SANJAY C, DoggALLI N, DEVI KR, HARSHITHA N. A Review of Calendula Officinalis-Magic in Science. Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research. 2022 Feb 1;16(2).
Singh MK, Sahu P, Nagori K, Dewangan D, Kumar T, Alexander A, Badwaik H, Tripathi DK. Organoleptic properties in-vitro and in-vivo pharmacological activities of Calendula officinalis Linn: An over review. J Chem Pharm Res. 2011;3(4):655-63.
Khalid KA, da Silva JA. Yield, essential oil and pigment content of Calendula officinalis L. flower heads cultivated under salt stress conditions. Scientia horticulturae. 2010 Sep 13;126(2):297-305.
moghaddasi Mohammad S, Kashanisup HH. Pot marigold (Calendula officinalis) medicinal usage and cultivation. Scientific Research and essays. 2012 Apr 30;7(14):1468-72.
Junghanns W. The cultivation of Calendula officinalis L. for drug extraction. Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie. 2000;21(3):158-9.
Wilen RW, Barl B, Slinkard AE, Bandara MS. Feasibility of cultivation calendula as a dual-purpose industrial oilseed and medicinal crop. Acta Horticulturae. 2004:199-206.
Gomes HE, Vieira MC, Heredia ZN. Density and plant arrangement on Calendula officinalis L. yield. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais. 2007;9(3):117-23.
Gushchina VA, Timoshkin OA, Velmiseva LE, Ostroborodova NI. Changes of calendula officinalis raw materials yield and of weediness of sowings depending on the elements of technology. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 2018;9(2):269-75.
Mollafilabi A, Hosseini H. Effect of different seed rates and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of calendula (Calendula officinalis). InInternational symposium on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants-SIPAM 2012 997 2012 Mar 22 (pp. 43-50).
Ratajczak K, Sulewska H, Szymanska G, Wolna-Maruwka A, Faligowska A. The effect of soil type and soil additives on the selected growth parameters and yield of flowerheads of Calendula officinalis L. Herba Polonica. 2016;62(2).
Elhindi KM, Al-Mana FA, Algahtani AM, Alotaibi MA. Effect of irrigation with saline magnetized water and different soil amendments on growth and flower production of Calendula officinalis L. plants. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2020 Nov 1;27(11):3072-8.
Betül AV, Memet İN. Comparing of Cultivated Annual and Perennial Calendula officinalis L. Species. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi. 2021 Jun 30;24(3):579-85.
Anderson VM, Archbold DD, Geneve RL, Ingram DL, Jacobsen KL. Fertility source and drought stress effects on plant growth and essential oil production of Calendula officinalis. HortScience. 2016 Apr 1;51(4):342-8.
Duda MM, Bunescu H, Fitiu A, Vaida S. Research on the Cultivation of 8 Marigold Varieties (Calendula Officinalis L.) in Various Conditions of Fertilization in the Jucu, Cluj. Bulletin of the University of Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture. 2010 Mar 1;67(1).
Pires TC, Dias MI, Barros L, Ferreira IC. Nutritional and chemical characterization of edible petals and corresponding infusions: Valorization as new food ingredients. Food Chemistry. 2017 Apr 1;220:337-43.
de Lima Franzen F, Rodríguez de Oliveira MS, Lidório HF, Farias Menegaes J, Martins Fries LL. Chemical composition of rose, sunflower and calendula flower petals for human food use. Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria. 2019 Apr;20(1):149-68.
Kodiyan J, Amber KT. A review of the use of topical calendula in the prevention and treatment of radiotherapy-induced skin reactions. Antioxidants. 2015 Jun;4(2):293-303.
Bunghez IR, Ion RM. Complex spectral characterization of active principles from marigold (Calendula officinalis). Journal of Science and Arts. 2011;1(14):59-64.
Nicolaus C, Junghanns S, Hartmann A, Murillo R, Ganzera M, Merfort I. In vitro studies to evaluate the wound healing properties of Calendula officinalis extracts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2017 Jan 20;196:94-103.
Basch E, Bent S, Foppa I, Haskmi S, Kroll D, Mele M, Szapary P, Ulbricht C, Vora M, Yong S. Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) an evidence-based systematic review by the natural standard research collaboration. Journal of herbal pharmacotherapy. 2006 Jan 1;6(3-4):135-59.
Reddy KK, Grossman L, Rogers GS. Common complementary and alternative therapies with potential use in dermatologic surgery: risks and benefits. Journal of the American academy of dermatology. 2013 Apr 1;68(4):e127-35.
Sumit K, Vivek S, Sujata S, Ashish B. Herbal cosmetics: used for skin and hair. Inven. J. 2012 Oct 10;2012:1-7.
Ukiya M, Akihisa T, Yasukawa K, Tokuda H, Suzuki T, Kimura Y. Anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor-promoting, and cytotoxic activities of constituents of marigold (Calendula officinalis) flowers. Journal of natural products. 2006 Dec 27;69(12):1692-6.
Safdar W, Majeed H, Naveed I, Kayani WK, Ahmed H, Hussain S, Kamal A. Pharmacognostical study of the medicinal plant Calendula officinalis L.(family Compositae). Int J Cell Mol Biol. 2010;1(2):108-16.
Rehecho S, Uriarte-Pueyo I, Calvo J, Vivas LA, Calvo MI. Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants in Nor-Yauyos, a part of the Landscape Reserve Nor-Yauyos-Cochas, Peru. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2011 Jan 7;133(1):75-85.
Carvalho Jr AR, Diniz RM, Suarez MA, Figueiredo CS, Zagmignan A, Grisotto MA, Fernandes ES, Da Silva LC. Use of some asteraceae plants for the treatment of wounds: from ethnopharmacological studies to scientific evidences. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2018 Aug 21;9:784.
Chakraborthy GS. Phytochemical screening of Calendula officinalis Linn leaf extract by TLC. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy (IJRAP). 2010;1(1):131-4.
Pandey A, Tripathi S. Concept of standardization, extraction and pre phytochemical screening strategies for herbal drug. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2014 Jan 1;2(5).
Lovecka P, Lipov J, Thumova K, Macurkova A. Characterization of biologically active substances from Calendula officinalis. Current pharmaceutical biotechnology. 2017 Nov 1;18(14):1167-74.
Chaleshtori SH, Kachoie MA, Pirbalouti AG. Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial effects of Calendula officinalis essential oil. Biosci. Biotechnol. Res. Commun. 2016 Jul 1;9(3):517-22.
Verma PK, Raina R, Agarwal S, Kaur H. Phytochemical ingredients and Pharmacological potential of Calendula officinalis Linn. Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research. 2018 Nov 10;4(2):1-7.
Nand P, Drabu S, Gupta RK. Phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of medicinal plants for the treatment of acne.
Hussain I, Khader JA, Noor S, Ullah R, Talha M, Ahmed M. Study on the medicinal plant Calandula officinalis. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2012 Apr 4;6(13):973-8.
Deuschle VC, Deuschle RA, Piana M, Boligon AA, Bortoluzzi MR, Dal Prá V, Dolwisch CB, Lima FO, Carvalho LM, Athayde ML. Phytochemical evaluation and in vitro antioxidant and photo-protective capacity of Calendula officinalis L. leaves. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais. 2015;17:693-701.
Verma PK, Raina R, Sultana M. Phytochemical constituents and antioxidant potential in floral extracts of Calendula officinalis Linn. World J Pharmaceut Res. 2014 Jun 28;3:2067-83.
Meenatchisundaram S, Parameswar G, Subbraj T, Suganya T, Michael A. Note on Pharmacological Activities of Calendula officinalis L. Ethnobotanical Leaflets. 2009;2009(1):5.
Sausserde R, Kampuss K. Composition of carotenoids in calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) flowers. InProceedings of the 9th Baltic Conference on Food Science and Technology “Food for Consumer Well-Being”, Jelgava, Latvia 2014 May 9 (pp. 13-18).
Zhang L, Zhang G, Xu S, Song Y. Recent advances of quinones as a privileged structure in drug discovery. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2021 Nov 5;223:113632.
Agrawal AD. Pharmacological activities of flavonoids: a review. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Nanotechnol. 2011 Sep;4(2):1394-8.
K Tiwari V, C Mishra R, Sharma A, P Tripathi R. Carbohydrate based potential chemotherapeutic agents: recent developments and their scope in future drug discovery. Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry. 2012 Dec 1;12(14):1497-519.
Hoult JR, Payá M. Pharmacological and biochemical actions of simple coumarins: natural products with therapeutic potential. General Pharmacology: The Vascular System. 1996 Jun 1;27(4):713-22.
Nishitani S, Ijichi C, Takehana K, Fujitani S, Sonaka I. Pharmacological activities of branched-chain amino acids: specificity of tissue and signal transduction. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2004 Jan 9;313(2):387-9.
Ludwiczuk A, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Georgiev MI. Terpenoids. InPharmacognosy 2017 Jan 1 (pp. 233-266). Academic Press.
Ak G, Zengin G, Ceylan R, Fawzi Mahomoodally M, Jugreet S, Mollica A, Stefanucci A. Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils from Calendula officinalis L. flowers and leaves. Flavour and Fragrance Journal. 2021 Sep;36(5):554-63.
Milani A, Basirnejad M, Shahbazi S, Bolhassani A. Carotenoids: biochemistry, pharmacology and treatment. British journal of pharmacology. 2017 Jun;174(11):1290-324.
Szopa A, Klimek-Szczykutowicz M, Jafernik K, Koc K, Ekiert H. Pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.): a position in classical phytotherapy and newly documented activities. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus. 2020;19(3).
Bhardwaj A, Alam K, Pathak D, Ansari S, Sethi VA. Evaluation of Anthelmintic Activity of Calendula officinalis Flowers Extract. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2021 Jul 15;11(4):48-50.
Moradkhani S, Salehi I, Abdolmaleki S, Komaki A. Effect of Calendula officinalis hydroalcoholic extract on passive avoidance learning and memory in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Ancient Science of life. 2015 Jan;34(3):156.
Braga PC, Dal Sasso M, Culici M, Spallino A, Falchi M, Bertelli A, Morelli R, Scalzo RL. Antioxidant activity of Calendula officinalis extract: inhibitory effects on chemiluminescence of human neutrophil bursts and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Pharmacology. 2009;83(6):348-55.
Silva D, Ferreira MS, Sousa-Lobo JM, Cruz MT, Almeida IF. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Calendula officinalis L. Flower Extract. Cosmetics. 2021 Jun;8(2):31.
Parente LM, Andrade MA, Brito LA, Moura VM, Miguel MP, Lino-Júnior RD, Tresvenzol LF, Paula JR, Paulo NM. Angiogenic activity of Calendula officinalis flowers L. in rats. Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira. 2011 Feb;26(1):19-24.
Amirghofran Z, Azadbakht M, Karimi MH. Evaluation of the immunomodulatory effects of five herbal plants. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2000 Sep 1;72(1-2):167-72.
Al-Snai A, Mousa H, Majid WJ. Medicinal plants possessed hepatoprotective activity. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy. 2019;9(8):26-56.
Bashir S, Janbaz KH, Jabeen Q, Gilani AH. Studies on spasmogenic and spasmolytic activities of Calendula officinalis flowers. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives. 2006 Oct;20(10):906-10.
Rao SG, Udupa AL, Rao G, Rao PG, Kulkarni DR. Wound healing activity of Calendula officinalis and Hypericum: two homeopathic drugs promoting wound healing in rats. Fitoterapia. 1991;62:508-10.
Cruceriu D, Balacescu O, Rakosy E. Calendula officinalis: potential roles in cancer treatment and palliative care. Integrative cancer therapies. 2018 Dec;17(4):1068-78.
Perez-Carreon JI, Cruz-Jiménez G, Licea-Vega JA, Popoca EA, Fazenda SF, Villa-Treviño S. Genotoxic and anti-genotoxic properties of Calendula officinalis extracts in rat liver cell cultures treated with diethylnitrosamine. Toxicology in vitro. 2002 Jun 1;16(3):253-8.
Ramos A, Edreira A, Vizoso A, Betancourt J, López M, Décalo M. Genotoxicity of an extract of Calendula officinalis L. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 1998 May 1;61(1):49-55.
Mishra AK, Mishra A, Chattopadhyay P. A pilot study on in vitro evaluation of flowers of Calendula officinalis (L) as a natural anti-solar agent. Journal of Natural Pharmaceuticals. 2011 Apr 1;2(2).
Verma PK, Raina R, Sultana M, Singh M. Modulatory effect of Calendula officinalis on altered antioxidant status and renal parameters in diabetic rats. Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research. 2016 Jan 10;2(4):52-64.
Hamzawy MA, El-Denshary ES, Hassan NS, Mannaa FA, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Dietary supplementation of Calendula officinalis counteracts the oxidative stress and liver damage resulted from aflatoxin. International Scholarly Research Notices. 2013;2013.
Cruceriu D, Diaconeasa Z, Socaci S, Socaciu C, Rakosy-Tican E, Balacescu O. Biochemical profile, selective cytotoxicity and molecular effects of Calendula officinalis extracts on breast cancer cell lines. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 2020 Mar 31;48(1):24-39.
Herold A, Cremer L, Calugăru A, Tamaş V, Ionescu F, Manea S, Szegli G. Antioxidant properties of some hydroalcoholic plant extracts with antiinflammatory activity. Roumanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology. 2003 Jul 1;62(3-4):217-27.
Parente LM, Lino Júnior RD, Tresvenzol LM, Vinaud MC, de Paula JR, Paulo NM. Wound healing and anti-inflammatory effect in animal models of Calendula officinalis L. growing in Brazil. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine. 2012 Oct;2012.
Talhouk RS, Karam C, Fostok S, El-Jouni W, Barbour EK. Anti-inflammatory bioactivities in plant extracts. Journal of medicinal food. 2007 Mar 1;10(1):1-0.
Ali EM, Abd El-Moaty H. Antifungal activity of Achillea santolina L. and Calendula officinalis L. Essential oils and their constituents against fungal infection of liver as complication of cyclophosphamide therapy. Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants. 2017 Jul 4;20(4):1030-43.
Ghaima KK, Rasheed SF, Ahmed EF. Antibiofilm, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of water extract of Calendula officinalis flowers. IJBPR. 2013;4(7):465-70.
Alamgir M, Uddin SJ. Recent advances on the ethnomedicinal plants as immunomodulatory agents. Ethnomedicine: a source of complementary therapeutics. 2010;37(661):2.
Kalvatchev Z, Walder R, Garzaro D. Anti-HIV activity of extracts from Calendula officinalis flowers. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy. 1997 Apr 1;51(4):176-80.